INCOMPETENT VALVES: that weaken over time, can become dysfunctional, allowing venous blood to flow back down the leg with gravity.
Varicose veins are the subcutaneous, superficial veins (under the skin) that swell up. These can occur either due to incompetent valves, incompetent perforators arising from deeper veins, or simply be localized (isolated/ focal) swollen veins.
We assess the main valves, plot/ map the varicose veins where they arise, and outline incompetent pathways. We assess post- sclerotherapy treatment.